By using the same square, we further experiment with the various options in the STROKE command.

STROKE {p miterjoin}

STROKE {p roundjoin}

STROKE {p beveljoin}

startshape MyShape

path Shape1 {
	MOVETO {x -0.5 y -0.5}
	LINETO {x 0.5 y -0.5}
	LINETO {x 0.5 y 0.5}
	STROKE {p buttcap}
}

path Shape2 {
	MOVETO {x -0.5 y -0.5}
	LINETO {x 0.5 y -0.5}
	LINETO {x 0.5 y 0.5}
	STROKE {p roundcap}
}

path Shape3 {
	MOVETO {x -0.5 y -0.5}
	LINETO {x 0.5 y -0.5}
	LINETO {x 0.5 y 0.5}
	STROKE {p squarecap}
}

rule MyShape {
	Shape1 {x -1.5}
	Shape2 {x 0}
	Shape3 {x 1.5}
}

We continue the study of path command. Take a look of the closed shape, a square.

startshape MyShape

path Line {
	MOVETO {x -0.5 y -0.5}
	LINETO {x 0.5 y -0.5}
	LINETO {x 0.5 y 0.5}
	LINETO {x -0.5 y 0.5}
	LINETO {x -0.5 y -0.5}
	CLOSEPOLY {}
	STROKE {}
}

rule MyShape {
	Line {}
}

If by any chances, you type the wrong position for the last end point or there is rounding error after a sequence of calculation, you may end of with:

startshape MyShape

path Line {
	MOVETO {x -0.5 y -0.5}
	LINETO {x 0.5 y -0.5}
	LINETO {x 0.5 y 0.5}
	LINETO {x -0.5 y 0.5}
	LINETO {x -0.45 y -0.45}
	CLOSEPOLY {}
	STROKE {}
}

rule MyShape {
	Line {}
}

Note the CLOSEPOLY command will connect an extra line segment to close the shape if there is a gap between the beginning and the end points. In case we want to get rid of the error, we can use the CLOSEPOLY command with an extra parameter align.

startshape MyShape

path Line {
	MOVETO {x -0.5 y -0.5}
	LINETO {x 0.5 y -0.5}
	LINETO {x 0.5 y 0.5}
	LINETO {x -0.5 y 0.5}
	LINETO {x -0.45 y -0.45}
	CLOSEPOLY {p align}
	STROKE {}
}

rule MyShape {
	Line {}
}

Today we start to think recursively. The following example uses a simple recursive definition of a SQUARE. In Context Free Art, we may not need to specify a stop condition when each iteration reduces its size, until eventually, the shape is too small to display.

startshape Shape1

rule Shape3 {
	SQUARE {a -0.9}
	Shape3 {s 0.9 r 7}
}

rule Shape2 {
	4 * {x 1} Shape3 {r 45}
}

rule Shape1 {
	4 * {y 1} Shape2 {}
}

Take a look of this example and see how it can be done with FILL command and the colour adjustments.

The following examples illustrate the use of repetition in Context Free Art.

startshape MyShape

path Line1 {
	MOVETO {x 0 y 0}
	LINETO {x 1 y 0}
	STROKE {width .01}
}

rule MyShape {
	36 * {r 10} Line1 {}
}

startshape MyShape

path Line1 {
	MOVETO {x 0 y 0}
	LINETO {x 1 y 0}
	STROKE {width .01}
}

rule MyShape {
	36 * {r 10 x 0.03} Line1 {}
}

These exercises cover the use of path in a shape.

startshape MyShape

path Line1 {
	MOVETO {x 0 y 0}
	LINETO {x 1 y 1}
	STROKE {width .01}
}

rule MyShape {
	Line1 {}
}

startshape MyShape

path Line1 {
	MOVETO {x 0 y 0}
	LINETO {x 1 y 1}
	LINETO {x 0 y 1}
	LINETO {x 1 y 0}
	LINETO {x 0 y 0}
	STROKE {width .01}
}

rule MyShape {
	Line1 {}
}

startshape MyShape

path Line1 {
	MOVETO {x 0 y 0}
	LINETO {x 1 y 0}
	STROKE {width .01}
}

rule MyShape {
	Line1 {r 25}
}

We introduce the use of the rotation parameter for a shape:

startshape MyShape

rule MyShape {
     SQUARE {x -4 r 90}
     SQUARE {x -2 r 70}
     SQUARE {r 50}
     SQUARE {x +2 r 30}
     SQUARE {x +4 r 10}
}

After we can create different primitive shapes, we start to combine them together. We cannot simply put all the primitive shapes within one single shape rule, like:

startshape MyShape

rule MyShape {
     CIRCLE {}
     TRIANGLE {}
     SQUARE {}
}

Every shape command comes with parameters. We work with the translation parameters x and y to move the shape around in the canvas.

startshape MyShape

rule MyShape {
     CIRCLE {x -2}
     TRIANGLE {}
     SQUARE {x 2}
}

startshape MyShape

rule MyShape {
     CIRCLE {y 2}
     TRIANGLE {}
     SQUARE {y -2}
}

startshape MyShape

rule MyShape {
     CIRCLE {x 2 y 2 size 0.8}
     TRIANGLE {size 2}
     SQUARE {x -2 y -2 size 0.5}
}